1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:18,749 I 2 00:00:25,150 --> 00:00:22,419 okay continuing with platings and 3 00:00:28,540 --> 00:00:25,160 coatings in the passivation and pre 4 00:00:35,939 --> 00:00:28,550 oxidation and right now perspiration so 5 00:00:38,590 --> 00:00:35,949 we'll get rid of the coat and proceed 6 00:00:41,860 --> 00:00:38,600 now stainless steel fasteners are 7 00:00:44,020 --> 00:00:41,870 normally passivated or pre oxidized 8 00:00:47,170 --> 00:00:44,030 during a manufacturing process to make 9 00:00:49,749 --> 00:00:47,180 them more inert and of course I 10 00:00:52,299 --> 00:00:49,759 mentioned earlier is done with the acid 11 00:00:54,280 --> 00:00:52,309 treatment and then of course the pre 12 00:00:56,410 --> 00:00:54,290 oxidation is just done simply by putting 13 00:00:59,530 --> 00:00:56,420 them in a furnace and run them up to 14 00:01:02,350 --> 00:00:59,540 about 1300 degrees and cooling them to 15 00:01:04,600 --> 00:01:02,360 form an oxide coating on the surface the 16 00:01:06,969 --> 00:01:04,610 advantages are that it deters galling 17 00:01:09,969 --> 00:01:06,979 and it's a relatively inexpensive 18 00:01:12,069 --> 00:01:09,979 process the disadvantage is that making 19 00:01:18,340 --> 00:01:12,079 parts still need to be lubricated for 20 00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:18,350 torque coefficient consistency and 21 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:21,650 here's the old familiar black oxide 22 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:25,610 coating with oil and it's nice and 23 00:01:31,719 --> 00:01:27,770 pretty in black and you put oil on it 24 00:01:35,070 --> 00:01:31,729 and it glistens and looks good but once 25 00:01:40,960 --> 00:01:35,080 the oil is gone black oxide is worthless 26 00:01:43,330 --> 00:01:40,970 it's real cheap no baking required after 27 00:01:46,539 --> 00:01:43,340 plating it this the material strength is 28 00:01:47,980 --> 00:01:46,549 less than 200 k SI and its disadvantages 29 00:01:50,680 --> 00:01:47,990 it's worthless for corrosion prevention 30 00:01:57,700 --> 00:01:50,690 once the oil is gone and the coating 31 00:02:00,190 --> 00:01:57,710 doesn't adhere well to steal now here's 32 00:02:03,820 --> 00:02:00,200 a bunch of miscellaneous platings and 33 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:03,830 coatings and electric lyst nickel is one 34 00:02:10,600 --> 00:02:07,610 of them and it is used a lot on just 35 00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:10,610 coating of steel where you don't have 36 00:02:19,390 --> 00:02:16,250 threads but on threads it creates some 37 00:02:21,369 --> 00:02:19,400 problems in that you can get uneven 38 00:02:24,070 --> 00:02:21,379 plating on the threads so that they're 39 00:02:30,369 --> 00:02:24,080 kind of out of tolerance this sir Mattel 40 00:02:31,030 --> 00:02:30,379 sir Malloy is a aluminum inorganic 41 00:02:34,449 --> 00:02:31,040 material 42 00:02:36,640 --> 00:02:34,459 all that is used for corrosion 43 00:02:40,199 --> 00:02:36,650 protection of both unthreaded and 44 00:02:43,509 --> 00:02:40,209 threaded parts but once again if you 45 00:02:46,300 --> 00:02:43,519 assemble reassemble very many times it 46 00:02:48,339 --> 00:02:46,310 will come off synergistic because 47 00:02:52,780 --> 00:02:48,349 another one is a combination of surface 48 00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:52,790 oxidation and a fluoropolymer used for 49 00:02:59,229 --> 00:02:56,090 corrosion protection and lubricity but 50 00:03:02,920 --> 00:02:59,239 these are assembly reassembly none of 51 00:03:05,640 --> 00:03:02,930 these work that well on proposed 52 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:05,650 replacements for cadmium of course the 53 00:03:12,659 --> 00:03:10,250 there's been a big push to do away with 54 00:03:16,569 --> 00:03:12,669 cadmium because it is such a bad thing 55 00:03:18,610 --> 00:03:16,579 environmentally so there's not fit over 56 00:03:22,149 --> 00:03:18,620 in chardon came up with this dr. Matt 57 00:03:24,399 --> 00:03:22,159 320 with the plus a ol sealer as a 58 00:03:29,949 --> 00:03:24,409 proprietary thing for the automotive 59 00:03:32,619 --> 00:03:29,959 companies and it has metal oxide zinc 60 00:03:35,379 --> 00:03:32,629 and aluminum and a clear sealer it's 61 00:03:37,869 --> 00:03:35,389 good up to 600 degrees but the coating 62 00:03:40,899 --> 00:03:37,879 is damaged by assembly disassembly 63 00:03:45,339 --> 00:03:40,909 cycles and it will support fungus growth 64 00:03:48,460 --> 00:03:45,349 and it costs about the same as cadmium 65 00:03:50,979 --> 00:03:48,470 so the cost savings isn't there the only 66 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:50,989 thing that it's kinder to the 67 00:03:57,250 --> 00:03:55,010 environment zinc nickel coating is one 68 00:04:00,099 --> 00:03:57,260 that is used some there's about ninety 69 00:04:02,589 --> 00:04:00,109 percent ten percent nickel but it 70 00:04:04,649 --> 00:04:02,599 doesn't work very well on fasteners it 71 00:04:07,569 --> 00:04:04,659 works on rods and things of this nature 72 00:04:15,180 --> 00:04:07,579 now here is a summary of pleadings and 73 00:04:21,370 --> 00:04:18,849 important here is the useful design 74 00:04:25,990 --> 00:04:21,380 temperature limit you will notice that 75 00:04:28,930 --> 00:04:26,000 most of these don't go that high and the 76 00:04:30,909 --> 00:04:28,940 a here is for the black oxide with oil 77 00:04:33,370 --> 00:04:30,919 as soon as the oil boils off your 78 00:04:38,200 --> 00:04:33,380 corrosion resistance it's gone so you 79 00:04:40,330 --> 00:04:38,210 see when you get down to it about 1,200 80 00:04:43,540 --> 00:04:40,340 degrees is the best that any of these 81 00:04:44,770 --> 00:04:43,550 will do so that's why that in a lot of 82 00:04:48,129 --> 00:04:44,780 cases where you 83 00:04:50,770 --> 00:04:48,139 super high temperatures you have to use 84 00:04:53,890 --> 00:04:50,780 a material that doesn't require coding 85 00:04:56,650 --> 00:04:53,900 like wasp a lawyer Hanes or inconel or 86 00:04:59,820 --> 00:04:56,660 something of that nature because you 87 00:05:04,240 --> 00:04:59,830 can't rely on the coatings now here's a 88 00:05:08,680 --> 00:05:04,250 table that just gives various 89 00:05:10,210 --> 00:05:08,690 characteristics of the coatings and 90 00:05:15,090 --> 00:05:10,220 plated there's a couple here that i 91 00:05:18,940 --> 00:05:15,100 wanted to mention era date is a common 92 00:05:22,650 --> 00:05:18,950 coating in fact we used it on the CM one 93 00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:22,660 chamber for it is electrically 94 00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:26,810 conductive whereas anodized isn't and it 95 00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:30,650 is a type of chromate conversion coating 96 00:05:36,520 --> 00:05:32,690 in which you actually treat the surface 97 00:05:40,350 --> 00:05:36,530 with an acid to form a real thin layer 98 00:05:44,350 --> 00:05:40,360 that is somewhat corrosion resistant so 99 00:05:48,010 --> 00:05:44,360 what we had to do in in on CM one you 100 00:05:50,020 --> 00:05:48,020 mask it in the irritated areas where you 101 00:05:52,330 --> 00:05:50,030 have electrical conductivity required 102 00:05:54,070 --> 00:05:52,340 and then the anodized which is actually 103 00:05:57,310 --> 00:05:54,080 used although it's used on other 104 00:06:02,830 --> 00:05:57,320 materials as we know it as being used on 105 00:06:06,130 --> 00:06:02,840 aluminum it is a acid etch using 106 00:06:10,600 --> 00:06:06,140 sulfuric acid I believe that forms a 107 00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:10,610 fairly heavy oxide coating and fact you 108 00:06:17,200 --> 00:06:14,810 can't anodized a fastener because the 109 00:06:19,090 --> 00:06:17,210 anodized is thick and well you can 110 00:06:20,740 --> 00:06:19,100 anodized it physically but it doesn't 111 00:06:22,719 --> 00:06:20,750 work out very well on the threaded areas 112 00:06:24,400 --> 00:06:22,729 because you will have a to heavier 113 00:06:29,230 --> 00:06:24,410 coating and the threads where it doesn't 114 00:06:32,170 --> 00:06:29,240 work too well now moving on to thread 115 00:06:34,450 --> 00:06:32,180 lubricants there's all kinds of 116 00:06:40,830 --> 00:06:34,460 lubricants available and of course all 117 00:06:45,190 --> 00:06:40,840 of us have used the old 10w30 oil and 118 00:06:49,990 --> 00:06:45,200 for our cars to lubricate stuff the oil 119 00:06:53,230 --> 00:06:50,000 grease wax graphite silver molybdenum 120 00:06:55,290 --> 00:06:53,240 disulphide and prep proprietary types 121 00:06:57,600 --> 00:06:55,300 such as never sees silver goop 122 00:06:59,820 --> 00:06:57,610 synergistic can ever lube and so 123 00:07:01,740 --> 00:06:59,830 on some of these are applied at 124 00:07:09,929 --> 00:07:01,750 installation and some are cured on the 125 00:07:13,770 --> 00:07:09,939 fastener by the manufacturer I'm having 126 00:07:17,760 --> 00:07:13,780 trouble turning my page okay for oil and 127 00:07:19,409 --> 00:07:17,770 grease you have good lubrication up to 128 00:07:22,499 --> 00:07:19,419 the boiling point of the oil or grease 129 00:07:23,850 --> 00:07:22,509 which is usually around 250 degrees and 130 00:07:27,920 --> 00:07:23,860 of course you can't use any of this 131 00:07:32,309 --> 00:07:27,930 stuff in vacuum now graphite graphite 132 00:07:36,230 --> 00:07:32,319 drag graphite is not dry it's a fine 133 00:07:40,140 --> 00:07:38,429 usually oil or water to become a 134 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:40,150 lubricant and then when the moisture 135 00:07:45,390 --> 00:07:42,490 evaporates it becomes an abrasive powder 136 00:07:54,300 --> 00:07:45,400 and of course it can't be using a vacuum 137 00:07:59,330 --> 00:07:54,310 either silver plating as I mentioned 138 00:08:02,640 --> 00:07:59,340 earlier it is normally used on stainless 139 00:08:05,010 --> 00:08:02,650 nuts stainless bolts as both a lubricant 140 00:08:07,350 --> 00:08:05,020 and I Colleen coating and it's good up 141 00:08:10,430 --> 00:08:07,360 to about 1600 degrees it can be used in 142 00:08:13,050 --> 00:08:10,440 a vacuum but it is very expensive 143 00:08:15,059 --> 00:08:13,060 molybdenum disulfide is kind of a 144 00:08:18,360 --> 00:08:15,069 universal tape that's used in the 145 00:08:20,939 --> 00:08:18,370 aerospace industry because it's a can be 146 00:08:23,790 --> 00:08:20,949 put on us a dry film lubricant it's good 147 00:08:26,879 --> 00:08:23,800 up to 750 degrees it can be used in a 148 00:08:32,730 --> 00:08:26,889 vacuum and it can be applied to both 149 00:08:36,959 --> 00:08:32,740 alloy steel and stainless steel now 150 00:08:41,310 --> 00:08:36,969 never sees is a proprietary petroleum 151 00:08:45,960 --> 00:08:41,320 based lubricant and it contains metal 152 00:08:49,250 --> 00:08:45,970 oxide usually copper or nickel depending 153 00:08:51,900 --> 00:08:49,260 on what temperature you want because the 154 00:08:54,689 --> 00:08:51,910 copper of course has a lower melting 155 00:08:58,290 --> 00:08:54,699 point than the nickel and it's good up 156 00:09:00,449 --> 00:08:58,300 to 2,200 degrees because what you wind 157 00:09:04,860 --> 00:09:00,459 up with is the metal flakes between the 158 00:09:07,260 --> 00:09:04,870 threads as the oil it boils off and so 159 00:09:09,780 --> 00:09:07,270 this means that you have to reapply each 160 00:09:11,310 --> 00:09:09,790 time you reassemble it and it can't be 161 00:09:13,350 --> 00:09:11,320 using a vacuum either but 162 00:09:14,960 --> 00:09:13,360 you have the the flakes in between the 163 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:14,970 threads making them easier to 164 00:09:25,190 --> 00:09:21,610 disassemble silver goop which is made by 165 00:09:30,750 --> 00:09:25,200 some company here in Cleveland I believe 166 00:09:33,540 --> 00:09:30,760 is a proprietary paste that contains 167 00:09:36,420 --> 00:09:33,550 twenty to thirty percent silver and it's 168 00:09:40,550 --> 00:09:36,430 good up to about 1500 degrees but of 169 00:09:44,130 --> 00:09:40,560 course silver does not is corrosive to 170 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:44,140 aluminum magnesium so you don't don't 171 00:09:50,550 --> 00:09:48,490 use it on them it's curse the silver 172 00:09:55,770 --> 00:09:50,560 goop is very expensive and it can't be 173 00:09:59,730 --> 00:09:55,780 using a vacuum either the fluorocarbon 174 00:10:02,760 --> 00:09:59,740 coatings there's a lot of them available 175 00:10:05,460 --> 00:10:02,770 the I'm just listing a few of them here 176 00:10:08,670 --> 00:10:05,470 the synergistic span coke style garden 177 00:10:12,420 --> 00:10:08,680 ever lube and they're only good for a 178 00:10:16,610 --> 00:10:12,430 few assemblies because they flake off if 179 00:10:19,890 --> 00:10:16,620 you assemble and disassemble a fastener 180 00:10:22,980 --> 00:10:19,900 nut bolt very much and there are only 181 00:10:25,980 --> 00:10:22,990 good up to about 400 degrees they can be 182 00:10:29,520 --> 00:10:25,990 used in a vacuum and here was one that I 183 00:10:32,160 --> 00:10:29,530 learned when I was looking for different 184 00:10:35,630 --> 00:10:32,170 types of lubricants for high temperature 185 00:10:39,750 --> 00:10:35,640 applications plain ol milk of magnesia 186 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:39,760 is used by the turbine engine companies 187 00:10:45,180 --> 00:10:42,850 for engine assembly because anything 188 00:10:46,910 --> 00:10:45,190 that you use in a jet engine for 189 00:10:49,170 --> 00:10:46,920 lubricants going to burn off anyway 190 00:10:52,400 --> 00:10:49,180 after the things operating but in 191 00:10:54,390 --> 00:10:52,410 putting it together this is a suitable 192 00:10:59,030 --> 00:10:54,400 lubricant and it doesn't harm anything 193 00:11:05,550 --> 00:10:59,040 when it burns up now here's a summary of 194 00:11:08,610 --> 00:11:05,560 the thread lubricants and most of stuff 195 00:11:11,670 --> 00:11:08,620 we have covered here there this is 196 00:11:15,300 --> 00:11:11,680 doesn't necessarily include all of them 197 00:11:19,560 --> 00:11:15,310 but these are the the common ones and 198 00:11:22,260 --> 00:11:19,570 once again there's very few that are 199 00:11:23,520 --> 00:11:22,270 good for high temperatures here are the 200 00:11:24,840 --> 00:11:23,530 three that are good for the high 201 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:24,850 temperatures so 202 00:11:27,949 --> 00:11:25,930 this is something you have to keep in 203 00:11:31,170 --> 00:11:27,959 mind that going back to that original 204 00:11:33,090 --> 00:11:31,180 principle that the first thing you want 205 00:11:36,050 --> 00:11:33,100 to do is establish the environment that 206 00:11:39,569 --> 00:11:36,060 you're going to have your fasteners in 207 00:11:42,900 --> 00:11:39,579 now going into the subject of corrosion 208 00:11:45,809 --> 00:11:42,910 of course this is a major field so we 209 00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:45,819 just try to hit it a little here in the 210 00:11:50,610 --> 00:11:48,730 way of fastener corrosion galvanic and 211 00:11:55,110 --> 00:11:50,620 stress corrosion we've already covered 212 00:11:57,600 --> 00:11:55,120 and the corrosion resistance of a 213 00:12:01,350 --> 00:11:57,610 particular metal to occur rodent can be 214 00:12:03,269 --> 00:12:01,360 found in a book of tables which I will 215 00:12:06,870 --> 00:12:03,279 be leaving behind when I retire there is 216 00:12:10,350 --> 00:12:06,880 a two-volume set that actually gives for 217 00:12:12,569 --> 00:12:10,360 the different percentages of different 218 00:12:17,939 --> 00:12:12,579 types of corrodens it gives the effect 219 00:12:19,559 --> 00:12:17,949 on the various materials and hydrogen 220 00:12:21,840 --> 00:12:19,569 embrittlement and graphite corrosion 221 00:12:28,949 --> 00:12:21,850 will be covered in the corrosion section 222 00:12:33,329 --> 00:12:28,959 here hydrogen embrittlement it's talked 223 00:12:35,490 --> 00:12:33,339 about a lot in recent years and yet you 224 00:12:40,370 --> 00:12:35,500 can test for it but it's kind of UFO 225 00:12:47,879 --> 00:12:45,509 it's caused by having free hydrogen ions 226 00:12:50,100 --> 00:12:47,889 in the presence of the metal which in 227 00:12:53,189 --> 00:12:50,110 most of the time it's steel it causes 228 00:12:55,740 --> 00:12:53,199 problems in during the manufacturing or 229 00:12:57,569 --> 00:12:55,750 plating process the higher the strength 230 00:13:00,329 --> 00:12:57,579 of the material the more sensitive it is 231 00:13:03,569 --> 00:13:00,339 the hydrogen embrittlement you can get a 232 00:13:06,179 --> 00:13:03,579 hydrogen chemical reaction in which it 233 00:13:12,900 --> 00:13:06,189 combines with the carbon in the steel to 234 00:13:15,300 --> 00:13:12,910 form methane gas or are hydrogen niobium 235 00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:15,310 columbium same thing the English call it 236 00:13:22,110 --> 00:13:17,680 niobium the Americans call it Colombian 237 00:13:26,069 --> 00:13:22,120 or tantalum to form hydrides the methane 238 00:13:29,220 --> 00:13:26,079 gas can cause cracks and the hydrides 239 00:13:32,100 --> 00:13:29,230 are weaker than the parent material so 240 00:13:34,740 --> 00:13:32,110 they can weaken the material then you 241 00:13:37,019 --> 00:13:34,750 can get hydrogen blistering where the 242 00:13:38,500 --> 00:13:37,029 atomic hydrogen fuses into the material 243 00:13:40,750 --> 00:13:38,510 and combines in the moloch 244 00:13:43,210 --> 00:13:40,760 tools and then the molecule is bigger so 245 00:13:45,610 --> 00:13:43,220 it can't get back out so it will build 246 00:13:48,700 --> 00:13:45,620 up pressure to create blisters that will 247 00:13:52,330 --> 00:13:48,710 eventually cause cracks and here's the 248 00:13:54,160 --> 00:13:52,340 problem there's no external indication 249 00:13:56,470 --> 00:13:54,170 that hydrogen is present you can't look 250 00:13:59,770 --> 00:13:56,480 at it you can't run it through x-ray 251 00:14:04,210 --> 00:13:59,780 machine anything like that and find out 252 00:14:08,050 --> 00:14:04,220 that it's there so the only thing that 253 00:14:10,480 --> 00:14:08,060 you can do is test for it enjoy they 254 00:14:13,590 --> 00:14:10,490 test fasteners for hydrogen 255 00:14:17,230 --> 00:14:13,600 embrittlement they put them on a fixture 256 00:14:19,060 --> 00:14:17,240 there's an ASTM spec which I'm not don't 257 00:14:24,870 --> 00:14:19,070 remember the number of it you actually 258 00:14:28,240 --> 00:14:24,880 put them on with a wedge type washer and 259 00:14:30,460 --> 00:14:28,250 take them down and leave them for I 260 00:14:34,270 --> 00:14:30,470 think it's 48 hours or something like 261 00:14:38,590 --> 00:14:34,280 that if the head didn't pop off it 262 00:14:41,470 --> 00:14:38,600 passed the test and that's that's so 263 00:14:42,730 --> 00:14:41,480 what they do on testing for hydrogen 264 00:14:45,480 --> 00:14:42,740 embrittlement is just take a bunch of 265 00:14:48,490 --> 00:14:45,490 samples and test them that way to see if 266 00:14:50,790 --> 00:14:48,500 if they can find where any of them have 267 00:14:54,370 --> 00:14:50,800 embrittlement now on hydrogen 268 00:14:55,900 --> 00:14:54,380 environment embrittlement usually you 269 00:14:59,800 --> 00:14:55,910 wouldn't run into that because it takes 270 00:15:02,170 --> 00:14:59,810 high-pressure hydrogen to cause that so 271 00:15:03,790 --> 00:15:02,180 if you had a tank of some kind of high 272 00:15:06,430 --> 00:15:03,800 pressure tank that you had fasteners 273 00:15:11,230 --> 00:15:06,440 holding something together inside then 274 00:15:13,270 --> 00:15:11,240 you could actually get hydrogen into the 275 00:15:14,920 --> 00:15:13,280 fasteners just from the high pressure in 276 00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:14,930 other words we're assuming there there 277 00:15:18,790 --> 00:15:16,730 was no hydrogen embrittlement in the 278 00:15:21,640 --> 00:15:18,800 fastener before it was installed then 279 00:15:23,800 --> 00:15:21,650 you need about 2,000 psi hydrogen in 280 00:15:28,090 --> 00:15:23,810 order for it to go in the material after 281 00:15:29,920 --> 00:15:28,100 it's installed so that's not likely to 282 00:15:34,270 --> 00:15:29,930 happen but hydrogen embrittlement is 283 00:15:37,620 --> 00:15:34,280 always a problem because it depends on 284 00:15:41,790 --> 00:15:37,630 how good the manufacturer was at making 285 00:15:46,690 --> 00:15:41,800 the part so here are some percussions 286 00:15:48,910 --> 00:15:46,700 use the killed steals coat and plate the 287 00:15:51,640 --> 00:15:48,920 fasteners bake the hydrogen out within 288 00:15:52,060 --> 00:15:51,650 two hours after plating otherwise you 289 00:15:56,380 --> 00:15:52,070 can't 290 00:16:00,010 --> 00:15:56,390 take it out Taylor the plating bath to 291 00:16:02,740 --> 00:16:00,020 minimize free hydrogen ions and avoid 292 00:16:05,860 --> 00:16:02,750 the use of alloy steel fasteners above 293 00:16:07,630 --> 00:16:05,870 190 KSA because the only way you can 294 00:16:09,580 --> 00:16:07,640 plate without getting hydrogen 295 00:16:13,930 --> 00:16:09,590 embrittlement is to do it in a vacuum 296 00:16:16,030 --> 00:16:13,940 atmosphere then use stainless steels 297 00:16:20,110 --> 00:16:16,040 that are not sensitive to hydrogen 298 00:16:21,730 --> 00:16:20,120 embrittlement and run the tests to see 299 00:16:28,170 --> 00:16:21,740 if you can find any evidence of any 300 00:16:34,090 --> 00:16:28,180 embrittlement here's one that is 301 00:16:38,470 --> 00:16:34,100 slightly different in your book that had 302 00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:38,480 had a revised it at the last minute the 303 00:16:45,100 --> 00:16:41,440 definition of the graphite here just to 304 00:16:48,340 --> 00:16:45,110 indicate what it is it it's a actually 305 00:16:50,230 --> 00:16:48,350 to drive dry film carbon lubricant which 306 00:16:56,320 --> 00:16:50,240 can cause corrosion when exposed to 307 00:17:00,160 --> 00:16:56,330 moisture because the on some materials 308 00:17:04,150 --> 00:17:00,170 and it can cause you problems and I 309 00:17:08,949 --> 00:17:04,160 realize that they put out a la keys or 310 00:17:12,730 --> 00:17:08,959 used to put it up which is a graphite in 311 00:17:17,110 --> 00:17:12,740 oil to use for locks but yet it will 312 00:17:19,090 --> 00:17:17,120 corrode some types of locks so a guy but 313 00:17:21,130 --> 00:17:19,100 the name of Gilbert gave a course on 314 00:17:23,140 --> 00:17:21,140 corrosion here several years back and he 315 00:17:26,050 --> 00:17:23,150 pointed that out that graphite was a 316 00:17:27,520 --> 00:17:26,060 no-no for lubrication of locks for that 317 00:17:30,400 --> 00:17:27,530 reason because it'll actually corrode a 318 00:17:31,930 --> 00:17:30,410 lot and one of the things then this 319 00:17:36,370 --> 00:17:31,940 happened to us on one of the turbine 320 00:17:41,740 --> 00:17:36,380 engine programs around here is dry 321 00:17:46,360 --> 00:17:41,750 graphite is an abrasive so if you cook 322 00:17:50,380 --> 00:17:46,370 it and dry it out now you have a carbon 323 00:17:52,570 --> 00:17:50,390 powder abrasive which is does a lot more 324 00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:52,580 harm than good and here's something I 325 00:17:57,160 --> 00:17:54,410 threw in just just for your information 326 00:18:00,100 --> 00:17:57,170 I had run into this in a failure course 327 00:18:04,480 --> 00:18:00,110 that I took d zinc tification it's kind 328 00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:04,490 of an odd word but you can actually get 329 00:18:11,230 --> 00:18:06,730 in a material that has 330 00:18:13,090 --> 00:18:11,240 it's even used for just removal of a 331 00:18:17,500 --> 00:18:13,100 particular element from a material by 332 00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:17,510 corrosion but usually it's the removal 333 00:18:24,220 --> 00:18:20,170 of zinc from brass by chemical action 334 00:18:26,860 --> 00:18:24,230 leaves a brittle shell of copper and I 335 00:18:30,690 --> 00:18:26,870 saw on the samples the guy had and you 336 00:18:33,610 --> 00:18:30,700 could compare it to what happens to a 337 00:18:35,920 --> 00:18:33,620 wet piece of wood once the carpenter 338 00:18:40,810 --> 00:18:35,930 ants get done with it it's just a shell 339 00:18:42,610 --> 00:18:40,820 that you can crush and rather rather 340 00:18:45,730 --> 00:18:42,620 striking to look at a failed piece like 341 00:18:48,120 --> 00:18:45,740 that so here's the the galvanic series 342 00:18:51,300 --> 00:18:48,130 which I had been talking about earlier 343 00:18:53,830 --> 00:18:51,310 in fact I believe we showed it earlier 344 00:18:56,050 --> 00:18:53,840 that shows the different materials now 345 00:19:04,060 --> 00:18:56,060 of course magnesium is right at the top 346 00:19:08,980 --> 00:19:04,070 and magnesium is a disaster in a 347 00:19:13,950 --> 00:19:08,990 corrosive environment in fact this guy 348 00:19:16,690 --> 00:19:13,960 who taught a course on failure analysis 349 00:19:20,830 --> 00:19:16,700 pointed out that when an airplane goes 350 00:19:23,500 --> 00:19:20,840 down in the ocean one of the ways if it 351 00:19:26,500 --> 00:19:23,510 that they look for it is if it had zinc 352 00:19:28,570 --> 00:19:26,510 components in it the zinc will decompose 353 00:19:30,700 --> 00:19:28,580 so fast in the saltwater that you will 354 00:19:34,560 --> 00:19:30,710 have bubbles coming up out of the ocean 355 00:19:37,510 --> 00:19:34,570 and they can look for it so magnesium 356 00:19:40,390 --> 00:19:37,520 I'm a member of the mill handbook five 357 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:40,400 committee I don't know whether some of 358 00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:41,690 you are familiar with it or not but 359 00:19:47,890 --> 00:19:43,250 anyway it is kind of the Bible the 360 00:19:53,410 --> 00:19:47,900 aerospace materials world and magnesium 361 00:19:55,900 --> 00:19:53,420 is kinda out of usage by the aircraft 362 00:19:57,430 --> 00:19:55,910 manufacturers for this reason because it 363 00:20:02,230 --> 00:19:57,440 is so hard to protect it from corrosion 364 00:20:04,540 --> 00:20:02,240 and it's it's not used in any primary 365 00:20:08,230 --> 00:20:04,550 structure that I know of on any of the 366 00:20:16,060 --> 00:20:08,240 airplanes okay going on to locking 367 00:20:18,610 --> 00:20:16,070 methods in most any application some 368 00:20:19,890 --> 00:20:18,620 type of locking must be used prevent the 369 00:20:24,990 --> 00:20:19,900 fastener from loosening 370 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:25,000 underload and without a locking device 371 00:20:29,610 --> 00:20:27,010 of course the only resistance you have 372 00:20:34,710 --> 00:20:29,620 is just head friction and the nut 373 00:20:37,740 --> 00:20:34,720 friction which if you are vibrating it 374 00:20:39,480 --> 00:20:37,750 very much at all is not enough now find 375 00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:39,490 threads give you slightly better 376 00:20:44,720 --> 00:20:41,650 resistance to loosening from vibration 377 00:20:47,160 --> 00:20:44,730 than course threads but it's not a lot 378 00:20:50,820 --> 00:20:47,170 due to the flatter angle of the threads 379 00:20:52,860 --> 00:20:50,830 and one of the things that you try to do 380 00:20:55,260 --> 00:20:52,870 and this'll this'll help you once in a 381 00:20:59,460 --> 00:20:55,270 while is to mount bolts with the heads 382 00:21:01,080 --> 00:20:59,470 up to lessen the loss of loose bolts 383 00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:01,090 because sometimes maybe you'll find 384 00:21:04,350 --> 00:21:03,010 something on your car that the nuts gone 385 00:21:06,150 --> 00:21:04,360 but the bolts still hanging there 386 00:21:12,540 --> 00:21:06,160 flopping back and forth and you can go 387 00:21:17,390 --> 00:21:12,550 ahead and put lock that on it now here's 388 00:21:25,710 --> 00:21:21,380 locking methods is deformed thread and 389 00:21:30,270 --> 00:21:25,720 what you do with the nut it's usually on 390 00:21:32,730 --> 00:21:30,280 the net after you have formed it the 391 00:21:38,580 --> 00:21:32,740 last operation you actually hit it from 392 00:21:41,580 --> 00:21:38,590 two sides and make it slightly oval then 393 00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:41,590 when you put it on and this this hits 394 00:21:48,230 --> 00:21:43,570 got to be controlled to because 395 00:21:53,130 --> 00:21:48,240 otherwise you can be in heap of trouble 396 00:21:55,860 --> 00:21:53,140 it will kind of go back to circular 397 00:21:58,350 --> 00:21:55,870 again so let's see initially here it is 398 00:22:01,230 --> 00:21:58,360 oval then when you put the thing on it 399 00:22:03,540 --> 00:22:01,240 goes the circular it will actually be 400 00:22:06,650 --> 00:22:03,550 for them enough and of course when it 401 00:22:10,590 --> 00:22:06,660 does that the threads will lock up on 402 00:22:14,250 --> 00:22:10,600 the bolt then when you take it off it 403 00:22:18,210 --> 00:22:14,260 will go back to oval again so you can 404 00:22:20,430 --> 00:22:18,220 use this one all around ten times before 405 00:22:22,290 --> 00:22:20,440 it loses its locking capability because 406 00:22:26,690 --> 00:22:22,300 eventually putting it on and off you're 407 00:22:30,210 --> 00:22:26,700 going to yield it back to the circular 408 00:22:32,250 --> 00:22:30,220 condition and it will no longer lock but 409 00:22:33,180 --> 00:22:32,260 that's one of the good ones and you can 410 00:22:36,540 --> 00:22:33,190 buy 411 00:22:43,350 --> 00:22:36,550 the forum thread lock nut set your 412 00:22:46,590 --> 00:22:43,360 hardware store now here is the locking 413 00:22:49,470 --> 00:22:46,600 collar tight and although I didn't call 414 00:22:51,870 --> 00:22:49,480 it out your elastic stop net is one of 415 00:22:54,990 --> 00:22:51,880 the biggest manufacturers of these what 416 00:22:59,730 --> 00:22:55,000 you have is you have a fiber or nylon 417 00:23:04,080 --> 00:22:59,740 collar here in the top of it the caller 418 00:23:07,020 --> 00:23:04,090 has a smaller diameter then the the bolt 419 00:23:10,890 --> 00:23:07,030 thread so when you run the bolt in it 420 00:23:12,990 --> 00:23:10,900 will interfere on that collar and it'll 421 00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:13,000 also provide a little bit of sealing if 422 00:23:17,280 --> 00:23:15,730 you kind of seal from getting water in 423 00:23:18,990 --> 00:23:17,290 there to give you that much ceiling 424 00:23:21,060 --> 00:23:19,000 although it's not for pressure or 425 00:23:23,280 --> 00:23:21,070 anything like that but the only problem 426 00:23:26,070 --> 00:23:23,290 is this collar area is usually only good 427 00:23:27,930 --> 00:23:26,080 for about 250 degrees to where it will 428 00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:27,940 start softening up to where to become 429 00:23:37,080 --> 00:23:32,650 ineffective now here's the split beam 430 00:23:40,260 --> 00:23:37,090 lock nut this is one that works quite 431 00:23:43,590 --> 00:23:40,270 well and what you have you have a 432 00:23:48,600 --> 00:23:43,600 smaller diameter at the top of it and 433 00:23:51,030 --> 00:23:48,610 its salt cut so that when you put it on 434 00:23:55,500 --> 00:23:51,040 it'll spin freely till it gets up to 435 00:23:58,880 --> 00:23:55,510 that area then as you tighten it up the 436 00:24:02,310 --> 00:23:58,890 beams if you will these six beams on it 437 00:24:05,100 --> 00:24:02,320 have to deflect outward in order for the 438 00:24:07,410 --> 00:24:05,110 bolt to go through so once again this 439 00:24:10,170 --> 00:24:07,420 gives you a pretty heavy friction load 440 00:24:13,830 --> 00:24:10,180 on the threads and will lock it in place 441 00:24:15,990 --> 00:24:13,840 I had a personal experience with the one 442 00:24:17,490 --> 00:24:16,000 of these on a car that I had that the 443 00:24:20,340 --> 00:24:17,500 shock absorbers didn't want to stay on 444 00:24:24,420 --> 00:24:20,350 it and I put these split beam lock nuts 445 00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:24,430 on it and that held versus the the jam 446 00:24:30,780 --> 00:24:27,610 nut to which I'll cover later now here's 447 00:24:32,850 --> 00:24:30,790 a nighlok pellet nighlok is the biggest 448 00:24:37,110 --> 00:24:32,860 manufacturer of this type of thing 449 00:24:39,450 --> 00:24:37,120 although it's even covered by a milspec 450 00:24:41,370 --> 00:24:39,460 so there's a lot of people in on the act 451 00:24:43,530 --> 00:24:41,380 on making it this way but what do you do 452 00:24:47,010 --> 00:24:43,540 is you you cut a little hole in the 453 00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:47,020 thread and stick a nighlok plug in it 454 00:24:53,940 --> 00:24:50,770 and this plug sticks up past the thread 455 00:24:58,350 --> 00:24:53,950 so when you when you put it on the nylon 456 00:25:02,160 --> 00:24:58,360 will bind up in the threads and cause it 457 00:25:05,780 --> 00:25:02,170 to lock this one is a fairly good cheap 458 00:25:07,920 --> 00:25:05,790 way of locking stuff using on a bicycle 459 00:25:12,360 --> 00:25:07,930 lawnmower or something like that it'll 460 00:25:14,250 --> 00:25:12,370 hold up but once again the temperature 461 00:25:18,090 --> 00:25:14,260 range on it is kind of low because nylon 462 00:25:20,820 --> 00:25:18,100 as starts getting soft about 250 degrees 463 00:25:24,120 --> 00:25:20,830 and of course the threads will chew it 464 00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:24,130 up so you can't put the thing on take it 465 00:25:32,430 --> 00:25:25,930 off very many times without run into 466 00:25:33,780 --> 00:25:32,440 trouble now here's luck tight which we 467 00:25:35,900 --> 00:25:33,790 use around here all the time that's 468 00:25:41,030 --> 00:25:35,910 actually a trade name but different 469 00:25:44,040 --> 00:25:41,040 people make this it's actually a a one 470 00:25:46,640 --> 00:25:44,050 one component type adhesive that you 471 00:25:50,100 --> 00:25:46,650 just smear on the fastener before you 472 00:25:53,400 --> 00:25:50,110 assemble it and it's made in different 473 00:25:55,830 --> 00:25:53,410 grades so that if you want to remove the 474 00:25:58,640 --> 00:25:55,840 fastener you use the volesse sticky tape 475 00:26:01,890 --> 00:25:58,650 like an in Lafayette I think 242 is 476 00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:01,900 removable and 271 as the tamper-proof 477 00:26:06,930 --> 00:26:05,050 fasteners and there's another one in but 478 00:26:08,940 --> 00:26:06,940 to another one or two in between there 479 00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:08,950 four bolts that you just want to make 480 00:26:14,760 --> 00:26:12,490 difficult to get off but some of the 481 00:26:17,220 --> 00:26:14,770 manufacturers other manufacturers of 482 00:26:20,570 --> 00:26:17,230 this are Bostick in the industry's 483 00:26:23,130 --> 00:26:20,580 nighlok 3m velcro and perma bond and 484 00:26:31,740 --> 00:26:23,140 lock tight is good up to about 400 485 00:26:34,980 --> 00:26:31,750 degrees now a poxy ribbon this is used a 486 00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:34,990 lot on bolts you get them and they have 487 00:26:40,860 --> 00:26:38,290 to to ribbons of epoxy so that you have 488 00:26:43,830 --> 00:26:40,870 the main one and then you have the 489 00:26:46,520 --> 00:26:43,840 hardener that goes with it and this way 490 00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:46,530 you can store them it has a shelf life 491 00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:51,490 at least that you can keep them for I 492 00:26:59,010 --> 00:26:54,610 think up the years like that and the 493 00:27:00,690 --> 00:26:59,020 epoxy is mixed when you install it so it 494 00:27:03,180 --> 00:27:00,700 will combine in 495 00:27:04,710 --> 00:27:03,190 a hardon to hold the fastener in place 496 00:27:08,340 --> 00:27:04,720 now of course this type once you would 497 00:27:10,110 --> 00:27:08,350 remove it it would have to be replaced 498 00:27:12,450 --> 00:27:10,120 because it you destroyed the seal 499 00:27:14,970 --> 00:27:12,460 because it's a one-time type thing and 500 00:27:21,870 --> 00:27:14,980 the maximum operating temperature on 501 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:21,880 these is also about 400 degrees here is 502 00:27:26,970 --> 00:27:24,490 another type of thread as a special 503 00:27:29,820 --> 00:27:26,980 thread spiral lock I think Detroit 504 00:27:32,610 --> 00:27:29,830 tappan dies the holder the patent on 505 00:27:37,980 --> 00:27:32,620 this one and this is a cross section 506 00:27:41,910 --> 00:27:37,990 here of a kept thread and a fastener now 507 00:27:45,420 --> 00:27:41,920 the problem with this when you install 508 00:27:47,700 --> 00:27:45,430 it is you have to have spiral locks tap 509 00:27:51,290 --> 00:27:47,710 because this is an oddball see the 510 00:27:54,150 --> 00:27:51,300 thread the tap cold is not fit the 511 00:27:58,860 --> 00:27:54,160 thread and you get your locking action 512 00:28:04,530 --> 00:27:58,870 by actually wedging the ramp of the 513 00:28:08,160 --> 00:28:04,540 thread up against the oddball tape tap 514 00:28:11,700 --> 00:28:08,170 and but you can distribute over several 515 00:28:14,850 --> 00:28:11,710 threads so it offers better locking 516 00:28:18,450 --> 00:28:14,860 capability than ordinary thread would 517 00:28:20,430 --> 00:28:18,460 and some people have used it and run 518 00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:20,440 vibration tests and it holds up fairly 519 00:28:28,410 --> 00:28:23,530 well but of course the the disadvantage 520 00:28:31,850 --> 00:28:28,420 is that you can't you have to get their 521 00:28:34,620 --> 00:28:31,860 tap to tap the whole initially and and 522 00:28:38,070 --> 00:28:34,630 so that creates a problem sometimes for 523 00:28:42,210 --> 00:28:38,080 people on universal type of sembly on 524 00:28:45,960 --> 00:28:42,220 the direct interfering thread in this 525 00:28:51,690 --> 00:28:45,970 case you just have a fastener that is 526 00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:51,700 made deliberately with an oversized root 527 00:29:00,210 --> 00:28:56,530 diameter to give a slight interference 528 00:29:02,610 --> 00:29:00,220 fit to lock now some studs that you have 529 00:29:04,470 --> 00:29:02,620 where you have a stud that is installed 530 00:29:08,070 --> 00:29:04,480 in something and you want to leave it in 531 00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:08,080 place you use this type of thread so 532 00:29:13,860 --> 00:29:11,290 that it will not come out when you take 533 00:29:14,580 --> 00:29:13,870 the nut off the other end the tapered 534 00:29:16,409 --> 00:29:14,590 thread 535 00:29:18,180 --> 00:29:16,419 is kind of a variation of this and what 536 00:29:22,250 --> 00:29:18,190 you actually tapert this is a smaller 537 00:29:26,460 --> 00:29:22,260 diameter up in here and then when you 538 00:29:30,840 --> 00:29:26,470 put it together it has to push the 539 00:29:39,930 --> 00:29:30,850 threads out here and that gives you a 540 00:29:42,659 --> 00:29:39,940 locking force on it now here's one that 541 00:29:45,659 --> 00:29:42,669 we covered in the drafting room manual 542 00:29:47,610 --> 00:29:45,669 stuff run Roman check that we we fought 543 00:29:50,810 --> 00:29:47,620 semantics on that one a lot whether it's 544 00:29:53,519 --> 00:29:50,820 a castle nut or a castellated nut so 545 00:29:57,630 --> 00:29:53,529 since I wrote this I put my preferences 546 00:30:03,600 --> 00:29:57,640 castellated nut with a cotter pin this 547 00:30:05,399 --> 00:30:03,610 is used a lot for installing bearings 548 00:30:07,710 --> 00:30:05,409 and things like that where you don't 549 00:30:10,100 --> 00:30:07,720 want to tighten it very tight but you 550 00:30:16,950 --> 00:30:10,110 want it to stay put once you tighten it 551 00:30:20,130 --> 00:30:16,960 so you can take the nut up then to the 552 00:30:22,320 --> 00:30:20,140 to the Turk you want then back it off or 553 00:30:24,539 --> 00:30:22,330 taking it to the next next spot on it to 554 00:30:26,490 --> 00:30:24,549 get you a slot because you only have a 555 00:30:28,500 --> 00:30:26,500 single hole drilled in the end of the 556 00:30:31,409 --> 00:30:28,510 fastener so you line up one of these 557 00:30:35,090 --> 00:30:31,419 with that hole then put a cotter 558 00:30:40,700 --> 00:30:35,100 pin in it and it will hold it in place 559 00:30:45,240 --> 00:30:40,710 at the exact spot that you said it and 560 00:30:47,100 --> 00:30:45,250 this way when your for instance a lot of 561 00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:47,110 the cars are made this way there's 562 00:30:52,980 --> 00:30:48,730 another way that would be my next slide 563 00:30:54,810 --> 00:30:52,990 I think but on wheel bearing when you 564 00:30:57,539 --> 00:30:54,820 tighten it up usually you tighten it up 565 00:31:00,630 --> 00:30:57,549 tight seek the bearings then back it off 566 00:31:04,590 --> 00:31:00,640 enough to let it spin so the nut is a 567 00:31:06,299 --> 00:31:04,600 little more than finger tight now here's 568 00:31:09,269 --> 00:31:06,309 a nut here's another one that is used 569 00:31:12,360 --> 00:31:09,279 for the same reason evidently this is 570 00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:12,370 cheaper because you're doing the same 571 00:31:18,690 --> 00:31:16,450 thing with a regular nut then you're 572 00:31:21,870 --> 00:31:18,700 taking this nut cap which is a sheet 573 00:31:24,450 --> 00:31:21,880 metal stamp sheet metal piece but it has 574 00:31:26,450 --> 00:31:24,460 the serrations here with the slot senate 575 00:31:31,070 --> 00:31:26,460 that you can put the cotter pin in 576 00:31:35,600 --> 00:31:31,080 so you Turk the nut to the spot you want 577 00:31:39,340 --> 00:31:35,610 it then slip this thing over it then put 578 00:31:43,340 --> 00:31:39,350 the cotter pin through the hole in the 579 00:31:44,930 --> 00:31:43,350 axle or shaft whatever it is and fasten 580 00:31:46,580 --> 00:31:44,940 it the same way as we did on the other 581 00:31:49,940 --> 00:31:46,590 one and of course the reason that grease 582 00:31:52,730 --> 00:31:49,950 cap is on there is i got this diagram 583 00:31:54,380 --> 00:31:52,740 from a truck manual and i didn't 584 00:31:55,220 --> 00:31:54,390 separate the grease cap from it that 585 00:31:59,780 --> 00:31:55,230 goes on after you've installed 586 00:32:03,560 --> 00:31:59,790 everything else now here is luck wearing 587 00:32:06,620 --> 00:32:03,570 which is normally used just by the 588 00:32:12,440 --> 00:32:06,630 aerospace industry because of the cost 589 00:32:16,460 --> 00:32:12,450 and labor involved because you are 590 00:32:20,690 --> 00:32:16,470 winding these wires on here through 591 00:32:24,260 --> 00:32:20,700 either holes straight through the top of 592 00:32:25,910 --> 00:32:24,270 the heads or in the case of the nut 593 00:32:28,610 --> 00:32:25,920 holes through the corners of the nuts 594 00:32:30,890 --> 00:32:28,620 you put these on in such a pattern that 595 00:32:33,290 --> 00:32:30,900 if you try to loosen one fastener it 596 00:32:34,820 --> 00:32:33,300 tightens the other one this way they 597 00:32:40,550 --> 00:32:34,830 can't loosen because they're all tied 598 00:32:45,320 --> 00:32:40,560 together and this is a method that is 599 00:32:49,100 --> 00:32:45,330 covered by an MS spec 30 35 40 you can 600 00:32:51,350 --> 00:32:49,110 use it quite well where you have a 601 00:32:53,960 --> 00:32:51,360 circular pattern of fasteners on a 602 00:32:57,860 --> 00:32:53,970 flange or something like that but the 603 00:33:02,000 --> 00:32:57,870 only people that use it in normal cases 604 00:33:07,160 --> 00:33:02,010 as the aerospace industry here is an 605 00:33:10,130 --> 00:33:07,170 alternative method to the lock wearing 606 00:33:12,650 --> 00:33:10,140 this is a similar thing in which you 607 00:33:15,910 --> 00:33:12,660 start out with a piece of cable by the 608 00:33:18,680 --> 00:33:15,920 Bergen cable company here that has a 609 00:33:21,920 --> 00:33:18,690 barrel already switched in place on it 610 00:33:23,810 --> 00:33:21,930 so you just feed it through you run the 611 00:33:25,490 --> 00:33:23,820 wire through the heads to wind them the 612 00:33:27,050 --> 00:33:25,500 same way so that one can't loosen 613 00:33:28,460 --> 00:33:27,060 without tightening the other one then 614 00:33:32,780 --> 00:33:28,470 when you get to the end you have a 615 00:33:36,440 --> 00:33:32,790 machine similar to a rivet gun or 616 00:33:39,240 --> 00:33:36,450 something that actually puts a barrel on 617 00:33:41,300 --> 00:33:39,250 here pulls the right tension on the wire 618 00:33:44,370 --> 00:33:41,310 and closes it off so that this is 619 00:33:46,260 --> 00:33:44,380 actually a faster and cheaper way of 620 00:33:50,120 --> 00:33:46,270 luck wearing than the standard luck 621 00:33:58,110 --> 00:33:54,290 this is the disc lock washer it is a 622 00:34:01,200 --> 00:33:58,120 little bit cumbersome in that you have a 623 00:34:06,930 --> 00:34:01,210 pair of washers together and these lines 624 00:34:08,610 --> 00:34:06,940 here represent the angles on them where 625 00:34:10,830 --> 00:34:08,620 you put the two together and turn them 626 00:34:13,530 --> 00:34:10,840 together now as long as you keep them 627 00:34:18,629 --> 00:34:13,540 together they can't rotate with with 628 00:34:21,000 --> 00:34:18,639 respect to each other so the angle of 629 00:34:24,060 --> 00:34:21,010 this ramp is steeper than the angle of 630 00:34:27,659 --> 00:34:24,070 the thread so it will keep it from 631 00:34:29,389 --> 00:34:27,669 turning however the bottom and top of 632 00:34:31,619 --> 00:34:29,399 those two washers have to have 633 00:34:36,810 --> 00:34:31,629 serrations on them that bite in the 634 00:34:39,389 --> 00:34:36,820 joint material and also the bottom of 635 00:34:41,760 --> 00:34:39,399 the nut in order to keep it from 636 00:34:45,480 --> 00:34:41,770 slipping with respect to the nut or the 637 00:34:49,350 --> 00:34:45,490 joint otherwise the washer will spend as 638 00:34:52,379 --> 00:34:49,360 a unit and doesn't help you any so so 639 00:34:54,119 --> 00:34:52,389 that one will work if you are not 640 00:35:01,860 --> 00:34:54,129 concerned with carrying the coating 641 00:35:04,710 --> 00:35:01,870 loose on the surfaces here is a kind of 642 00:35:08,130 --> 00:35:04,720 a take-off on the disc lock washers in 643 00:35:12,300 --> 00:35:08,140 that you have a nut assembly now this 644 00:35:14,220 --> 00:35:12,310 one has the ramp cheer and the lower 645 00:35:16,350 --> 00:35:14,230 part of it from here down is not 646 00:35:17,730 --> 00:35:16,360 threaded just the upper parts threaded 647 00:35:20,810 --> 00:35:17,740 well to see you put the two of them 648 00:35:24,030 --> 00:35:20,820 together you put them on with a socket 649 00:35:27,450 --> 00:35:24,040 extends down over both of them now this 650 00:35:30,330 --> 00:35:27,460 will hold the thing while you twurk it 651 00:35:32,580 --> 00:35:30,340 up and then of course the bottom surface 652 00:35:36,650 --> 00:35:32,590 of it has in serrations on it that bite 653 00:35:39,690 --> 00:35:36,660 into the attaching plane of the joint so 654 00:35:43,530 --> 00:35:39,700 once again you're scratching the surface 655 00:35:46,400 --> 00:35:43,540 you're attaching to however a company on 656 00:35:48,540 --> 00:35:46,410 the west coast makes these and the 657 00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:48,550 president of it told me that they had 658 00:35:53,070 --> 00:35:51,370 they were selling millions of these for 659 00:35:55,080 --> 00:35:53,080 the heavy truck industry 660 00:35:56,880 --> 00:35:55,090 because the heavy truck industries had a 661 00:36:00,140 --> 00:35:56,890 lot of trouble through the years with 662 00:36:03,870 --> 00:36:00,150 nuts coming off and wheels coming off so 663 00:36:05,490 --> 00:36:03,880 so they're paying for this type of nut 664 00:36:10,830 --> 00:36:05,500 in order to hold them on because they do 665 00:36:14,580 --> 00:36:10,840 work on holding truck wheels on here is 666 00:36:18,780 --> 00:36:14,590 a another method this is a durar lock 667 00:36:20,730 --> 00:36:18,790 nut which is a trademark of SPS which 668 00:36:24,780 --> 00:36:20,740 one of the one of the big manufacturers 669 00:36:28,410 --> 00:36:24,790 of fasteners it has serrations on it 670 00:36:32,220 --> 00:36:28,420 here that bite into the surface so that 671 00:36:34,680 --> 00:36:32,230 it will not slip and start loosening up 672 00:36:36,570 --> 00:36:34,690 once you get it tight now you have to 673 00:36:38,730 --> 00:36:36,580 depend on this embedment of the 674 00:36:40,950 --> 00:36:38,740 serrations in the contact surfaces and 675 00:36:44,880 --> 00:36:40,960 so it will scratch up the surface if you 676 00:36:50,580 --> 00:36:44,890 can live with that this one will do a 677 00:36:54,260 --> 00:36:50,590 pretty good job of locking here are two 678 00:36:57,410 --> 00:36:54,270 flock washers which are common in the 679 00:37:00,990 --> 00:36:57,420 electrical and automotive industry 680 00:37:03,060 --> 00:37:01,000 because they do afford locking oh and 681 00:37:07,800 --> 00:37:03,070 but once again they do it by gouging 682 00:37:09,540 --> 00:37:07,810 into things they these teeth are twisted 683 00:37:12,180 --> 00:37:09,550 although this doesn't show it they're 684 00:37:16,500 --> 00:37:12,190 actually twisted so that you have one 685 00:37:18,240 --> 00:37:16,510 surface bites into the fastener the 686 00:37:24,450 --> 00:37:18,250 other one bites into the surface that 687 00:37:26,340 --> 00:37:24,460 it's up against so that it will get 688 00:37:31,130 --> 00:37:26,350 enough bite on both of them to hold them 689 00:37:34,320 --> 00:37:31,140 in place and prevent rotation however 690 00:37:36,720 --> 00:37:34,330 you damage the surface quite a bit now 691 00:37:39,900 --> 00:37:36,730 this one is also available with teeth on 692 00:37:41,610 --> 00:37:39,910 the inside so that the outside is smooth 693 00:37:44,820 --> 00:37:41,620 in areas where you don't have room 694 00:37:46,200 --> 00:37:44,830 enough to have it stick out that much 695 00:37:51,140 --> 00:37:46,210 you can you can get them with the teeth 696 00:37:59,250 --> 00:37:56,600 here is the old famous jam nut which is 697 00:38:03,480 --> 00:37:59,260 one that if I polled the people in the 698 00:38:05,370 --> 00:38:03,490 audience neither one would be able to 699 00:38:07,140 --> 00:38:05,380 give me a positive answer on which side 700 00:38:08,670 --> 00:38:07,150 you put this and whether you put it here 701 00:38:10,380 --> 00:38:08,680 where it's showing or you've already put 702 00:38:12,810 --> 00:38:10,390 the big one on the inside and the little 703 00:38:16,230 --> 00:38:12,820 one on the outside because the experts 704 00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:16,240 can agree on that it's difficult to load 705 00:38:21,330 --> 00:38:18,010 each one of these so that it'll carry 706 00:38:23,610 --> 00:38:21,340 any load compared to the other ones 707 00:38:28,890 --> 00:38:23,620 because if you if you tighten this one 708 00:38:32,760 --> 00:38:28,900 tight it will unload this one and if you 709 00:38:34,920 --> 00:38:32,770 don't tighten it enough then the two of 710 00:38:36,900 --> 00:38:34,930 them will not work together so it's very 711 00:38:40,620 --> 00:38:36,910 difficult to get both of these loaded to 712 00:38:42,450 --> 00:38:40,630 where they would carry a load so jam 713 00:38:45,810 --> 00:38:42,460 nuts in my opinion are not to be used 714 00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:45,820 for critical designs unless it's 715 00:38:52,170 --> 00:38:49,170 something like locking a turnbuckle or 716 00:38:53,700 --> 00:38:52,180 some sort of a rod where something else 717 00:38:55,830 --> 00:38:53,710 carries all the load and you're just 718 00:39:00,840 --> 00:38:55,840 pushing this up against it to keep it 719 00:39:05,700 --> 00:39:00,850 from working loose and here is the good 720 00:39:08,630 --> 00:39:05,710 old split helical up were sure which is 721 00:39:12,990 --> 00:39:08,640 a misnomer because once you compress it 722 00:39:15,300 --> 00:39:13,000 under normal bolt torque it will flatten 723 00:39:16,920 --> 00:39:15,310 out and then this is the flat washer 724 00:39:20,940 --> 00:39:16,930 anyway which doesn't do anything for you 725 00:39:23,610 --> 00:39:20,950 and vibration testing of the split lock 726 00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:23,620 washers assemblies indicate that they're 727 00:39:29,580 --> 00:39:25,450 about us the same as a flat 4shared 728 00:39:32,460 --> 00:39:29,590 resist vibration and I don't recommend 729 00:39:36,450 --> 00:39:32,470 them for any kind of a locking situation 730 00:39:38,990 --> 00:39:36,460 although I was sharply criticized for 731 00:39:41,580 --> 00:39:39,000 writing this in a fastener magazine 732 00:39:45,030 --> 00:39:41,590 because the person who wrote in the 733 00:39:46,650 --> 00:39:45,040 criticism was a manufacturer of split 734 00:39:49,110 --> 00:39:46,660 lock washers so he didn't like it 735 00:39:52,410 --> 00:39:49,120 because I said his his product was 736 00:39:57,660 --> 00:39:52,420 worthless for locking now here is a 737 00:40:00,930 --> 00:39:57,670 method that is used some but it's kind 738 00:40:04,440 --> 00:40:00,940 of a going a long ways to do your 739 00:40:06,390 --> 00:40:04,450 locking as I see it it 740 00:40:09,540 --> 00:40:06,400 this is a trademark of some company on 741 00:40:16,740 --> 00:40:09,550 the west coast age 8 and you see what 742 00:40:18,750 --> 00:40:16,750 you have is a special boat that has a 743 00:40:21,390 --> 00:40:18,760 kind of the double-headed one with a 744 00:40:24,599 --> 00:40:21,400 groove machined in it which creates the 745 00:40:28,319 --> 00:40:24,609 little problem on initial manufacturing 746 00:40:32,339 --> 00:40:28,329 then you have a retainer plate that 747 00:40:38,280 --> 00:40:32,349 slides down over this outer head on to 748 00:40:41,460 --> 00:40:38,290 the bottom one then you use this snap 749 00:40:45,750 --> 00:40:41,470 ring to put in that groove to lock the 750 00:40:48,990 --> 00:40:45,760 thing in place now you do this after 751 00:40:51,930 --> 00:40:49,000 you've already took the bolt to the spot 752 00:40:56,099 --> 00:40:51,940 that you want it now the only thing is 753 00:41:01,680 --> 00:40:56,109 you have to have something for this to 754 00:41:04,800 --> 00:41:01,690 brace against to keep the bolt from 755 00:41:07,440 --> 00:41:04,810 backing off so it has to be a special 756 00:41:11,460 --> 00:41:07,450 design in that respect and then the 757 00:41:15,930 --> 00:41:11,470 other problem that I had on the control 758 00:41:19,740 --> 00:41:15,940 arms on a Ford wagon this retainer plate 759 00:41:22,650 --> 00:41:19,750 is made out of sheet metal over a period 760 00:41:24,750 --> 00:41:22,660 of time it will rust up on you and then 761 00:41:27,150 --> 00:41:24,760 you go to loosen this thing for a front 762 00:41:30,470 --> 00:41:27,160 end alignment and the retainer plate 763 00:41:33,930 --> 00:41:30,480 comes off and you can't get in there to 764 00:41:37,200 --> 00:41:33,940 get anything else on it loosen it so 765 00:41:39,569 --> 00:41:37,210 that one is one that I would not 766 00:41:46,400 --> 00:41:39,579 recommend in any environment where you 767 00:41:48,690 --> 00:41:46,410 would have corrosion now getting into 768 00:41:53,520 --> 00:41:48,700 washers and out some of them we've 769 00:41:57,150 --> 00:41:53,530 already covered so we won't do a lot on 770 00:41:58,829 --> 00:41:57,160 summon the most of them are flat they're 771 00:42:00,809 --> 00:41:58,839 used to provide a hardened smooth 772 00:42:02,970 --> 00:42:00,819 surface for the contact of a fastener 773 00:42:04,740 --> 00:42:02,980 header nut and that's that's really one 774 00:42:06,839 --> 00:42:04,750 of the the main reasons for using 775 00:42:09,770 --> 00:42:06,849 worships both under the head and the nut 776 00:42:13,260 --> 00:42:09,780 is if if you are rotating either one 777 00:42:15,450 --> 00:42:13,270 usually the joint surface is not as 778 00:42:17,450 --> 00:42:15,460 strong as the fastener so therefore you 779 00:42:22,820 --> 00:42:17,460 you have to have that too 780 00:42:25,820 --> 00:42:22,830 avoid embedment and then here's another 781 00:42:29,570 --> 00:42:25,830 one for shade tree mechanics if you have 782 00:42:33,050 --> 00:42:29,580 a washer under a bolt and it's rusted in 783 00:42:34,880 --> 00:42:33,060 place usually you can take a cold chisel 784 00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:34,890 and a hammer and not the washer 785 00:42:40,400 --> 00:42:37,290 laterally and get it get it loosened 786 00:42:46,190 --> 00:42:40,410 some so that you can loosen the bolt and 787 00:42:50,270 --> 00:42:46,200 washer now here's the plain flat and 788 00:42:52,490 --> 00:42:50,280 countersunk type for sures the here this 789 00:42:55,460 --> 00:42:52,500 is the ordinary hardware store variety 790 00:42:59,180 --> 00:42:55,470 and they're covered by all kinds of 791 00:43:01,609 --> 00:42:59,190 standards there's msan antsy so on which 792 00:43:03,560 --> 00:43:01,619 defines the outside diameter inside 793 00:43:06,620 --> 00:43:03,570 diameter and thickness for a given size 794 00:43:08,810 --> 00:43:06,630 so so normally you can just call out a 795 00:43:13,370 --> 00:43:08,820 dash number from one of these specs and 796 00:43:15,290 --> 00:43:13,380 your your cupboard the counter sunk 797 00:43:18,020 --> 00:43:15,300 coursers are made with the countersink 798 00:43:21,829 --> 00:43:18,030 in them we're on a high-strength boat 799 00:43:25,820 --> 00:43:21,839 you have a larger radius under the head 800 00:43:27,710 --> 00:43:25,830 so you don't want point contact if it is 801 00:43:30,800 --> 00:43:27,720 this diameter is tight you could get 802 00:43:33,560 --> 00:43:30,810 point contact on the head radius so you 803 00:43:35,359 --> 00:43:33,570 want to counter sunk so that it will now 804 00:43:38,540 --> 00:43:35,369 distribute the load better under the 805 00:43:44,210 --> 00:43:38,550 head and you won't have that high stress 806 00:43:47,180 --> 00:43:44,220 concentration at the radius now on the 807 00:43:49,280 --> 00:43:47,190 course we covered the split lock washer 808 00:43:50,960 --> 00:43:49,290 the tooth lock washer and the disc lock 809 00:43:52,550 --> 00:43:50,970 washer I just wanted to point out that 810 00:43:54,730 --> 00:43:52,560 we'd already covered those in case 811 00:43:59,870 --> 00:43:54,740 somebody would wonder if why we hadn't 812 00:44:01,609 --> 00:43:59,880 then we go on to a another unique type 813 00:44:04,370 --> 00:44:01,619 and this is used a lot in the 814 00:44:09,220 --> 00:44:04,380 construction business the DTI of worship 815 00:44:12,560 --> 00:44:09,230 the direct tension indicating it is a 816 00:44:18,160 --> 00:44:12,570 flat ground washer that has these bumps 817 00:44:22,760 --> 00:44:18,170 stamped on it and but you have to use 818 00:44:24,790 --> 00:44:22,770 regular washers in addition to these in 819 00:44:27,260 --> 00:44:24,800 order to distribute the load properly 820 00:44:31,069 --> 00:44:27,270 because you don't want these grinding 821 00:44:34,940 --> 00:44:31,079 against the head or not of your boat 822 00:44:37,880 --> 00:44:34,950 and actually these are manufactured and 823 00:44:40,190 --> 00:44:37,890 they do tests to determine the loads on 824 00:44:45,109 --> 00:44:40,200 them if we're the amount of compression 825 00:44:47,959 --> 00:44:45,119 that you get on the bumps determines the 826 00:44:51,920 --> 00:44:47,969 axial load in the bolt so you took the 827 00:44:54,489 --> 00:44:51,930 thing with a torque wrench without 828 00:44:56,839 --> 00:44:54,499 reading the torque unless you want to 829 00:45:01,160 --> 00:44:56,849 down to the point that you have a 830 00:45:04,069 --> 00:45:01,170 certain gap left and underneath the 831 00:45:05,989 --> 00:45:04,079 washer and the bumps and you measure it 832 00:45:09,859 --> 00:45:05,999 with a feeler gauge so this way 833 00:45:11,959 --> 00:45:09,869 regardless of the coefficients of 834 00:45:13,880 --> 00:45:11,969 friction on the threads or the head or 835 00:45:17,479 --> 00:45:13,890 anything you can actually torque it down 836 00:45:24,910 --> 00:45:17,489 to where the gap you get will tell you 837 00:45:33,410 --> 00:45:28,160 now here's our old familiar belleville 838 00:45:36,439 --> 00:45:33,420 washers that named after the inventor 839 00:45:40,459 --> 00:45:36,449 who invented them way back in 1867 so 840 00:45:43,130 --> 00:45:40,469 they've been around a while it's also 841 00:45:51,880 --> 00:45:43,140 known as a comb washer or spring washer 842 00:45:55,219 --> 00:45:51,890 and these are designed with a load 843 00:45:57,650 --> 00:45:55,229 preload determination for a given washer 844 00:46:00,529 --> 00:45:57,660 or how much it takes the platen it and 845 00:46:02,719 --> 00:46:00,539 it will flatten elastically so a lot of 846 00:46:06,979 --> 00:46:02,729 times you can use them in a critical 847 00:46:09,319 --> 00:46:06,989 application where you want to limit the 848 00:46:12,049 --> 00:46:09,329 amount of axial load you have if you put 849 00:46:14,479 --> 00:46:12,059 a Belleville washer on and tell the 850 00:46:16,370 --> 00:46:14,489 mechanic okay just perk this thing until 851 00:46:17,809 --> 00:46:16,380 the washer starts to go flat and then 852 00:46:23,439 --> 00:46:17,819 quit regardless of what your torque 853 00:46:26,449 --> 00:46:23,449 wrench says it also can be used for 854 00:46:30,079 --> 00:46:26,459 absorbing differential thermal expansion 855 00:46:32,239 --> 00:46:30,089 between fastener and joint material for 856 00:46:35,180 --> 00:46:32,249 instance if you're bolding big joints 857 00:46:36,529 --> 00:46:35,190 with of aluminum with steel bolts so you 858 00:46:40,209 --> 00:46:36,539 have a different coefficient of 859 00:46:43,269 --> 00:46:40,219 expansion and contraction you can put 860 00:46:47,529 --> 00:46:43,279 belleville washers on to absorb 861 00:46:49,839 --> 00:46:47,539 some of this a thermal expansion to keep 862 00:46:53,729 --> 00:46:49,849 from overloading or under loading the 863 00:46:57,849 --> 00:46:53,739 joint you can use them in stacks in 864 00:47:08,559 --> 00:46:57,859 series or parallel in order to an in 865 00:47:10,329 --> 00:47:08,569 effect use them to become a spring now 866 00:47:12,669 --> 00:47:10,339 here's another one is that is kind of an 867 00:47:14,669 --> 00:47:12,679 oddball you don't see them around very 868 00:47:17,819 --> 00:47:14,679 much because they're expensive a 869 00:47:22,359 --> 00:47:17,829 self-aligning moisture you can use these 870 00:47:24,689 --> 00:47:22,369 on a structural shaped flange which is 871 00:47:27,759 --> 00:47:24,699 used usually has some taper to it and 872 00:47:29,380 --> 00:47:27,769 the reason they're so expensive is the 873 00:47:31,179 --> 00:47:29,390 washer and nut ermichine that's an 874 00:47:33,669 --> 00:47:31,189 assembly so you actually have a cone 875 00:47:36,999 --> 00:47:33,679 here two cousins that are rotating 876 00:47:39,939 --> 00:47:37,009 together to give you the proper 877 00:47:43,929 --> 00:47:39,949 alignment so that you still get axial 878 00:47:46,539 --> 00:47:43,939 loading on your boat instead of putting 879 00:47:49,899 --> 00:47:46,549 bending on it and this will take up to 880 00:47:52,449 --> 00:47:49,909 eight degrees maximum misalignment I 881 00:47:55,269 --> 00:47:52,459 don't remember now what the angle is on 882 00:47:56,679 --> 00:47:55,279 the i-beams and stuff like that I think 883 00:48:00,029 --> 00:47:56,689 it's less than that i believe it's like 884 00:48:04,569 --> 00:48:00,039 a 325 degree or something like that 885 00:48:08,729 --> 00:48:04,579 paper on the flange at seven now this is 886 00:48:16,029 --> 00:48:08,739 this is another one that gives you a 887 00:48:22,719 --> 00:48:16,039 axial reading without using a torque 888 00:48:25,569 --> 00:48:22,729 wrench and this is a PL PL I preload 889 00:48:28,779 --> 00:48:25,579 indicating that SPS has the patent on 890 00:48:34,719 --> 00:48:28,789 and on this one you have a regular 891 00:48:36,759 --> 00:48:34,729 washer a soft inner ring and then a ring 892 00:48:39,039 --> 00:48:36,769 that goes around that it has capstan 893 00:48:42,519 --> 00:48:39,049 holes in it and then a regular washer 894 00:48:47,289 --> 00:48:42,529 and you put all this assembly on you 895 00:48:52,120 --> 00:48:47,299 tighten it down and the this inner ring 896 00:48:56,300 --> 00:48:52,130 is actually a load cell if you will in 897 00:48:59,840 --> 00:48:56,310 that for a given amount of compression 898 00:49:01,370 --> 00:48:59,850 it has been pre calculated the amount of 899 00:49:04,880 --> 00:49:01,380 load that it takes to give you that 900 00:49:10,010 --> 00:49:04,890 compression so you can press it down to 901 00:49:13,630 --> 00:49:10,020 where this outer washer the cap span 902 00:49:15,830 --> 00:49:13,640 ring and the regular were sure are 903 00:49:17,510 --> 00:49:15,840 grinding against each other and we'll 904 00:49:19,820 --> 00:49:17,520 turn that means that this thing is 905 00:49:22,760 --> 00:49:19,830 compressed down to where you bottom 906 00:49:24,830 --> 00:49:22,770 doubt on this so you check the thing you 907 00:49:26,720 --> 00:49:24,840 can't turn that ring any longer you know 908 00:49:29,660 --> 00:49:26,730 you've got it to a certain axial load 909 00:49:31,850 --> 00:49:29,670 and they haven't color coded and 910 00:49:35,750 --> 00:49:31,860 available in all kinds of materials so 911 00:49:37,460 --> 00:49:35,760 that you can get them to use where you 912 00:49:39,260 --> 00:49:37,470 want to determine the load and there's 913 00:49:44,210 --> 00:49:39,270 really no good way of doing it as far as 914 00:49:46,400 --> 00:49:44,220 measuring it now going to inserts which 915 00:49:51,530 --> 00:49:46,410 is a very common thing around here in 916 00:49:54,440 --> 00:49:51,540 the airspace world an insert is actually 917 00:49:57,020 --> 00:49:54,450 it's a special bushing that's threaded 918 00:49:59,510 --> 00:49:57,030 on the inside diameter and locked with 919 00:50:03,680 --> 00:49:59,520 threads or protrusions or a combination 920 00:50:07,700 --> 00:50:03,690 on the outside diameter and installed in 921 00:50:10,820 --> 00:50:07,710 a drilled molded or tapped hole it's 922 00:50:13,070 --> 00:50:10,830 used to provide a strong wear resistant 923 00:50:16,790 --> 00:50:13,080 tapped hole in a softer material 924 00:50:18,760 --> 00:50:16,800 normally than the fastener and you can 925 00:50:22,070 --> 00:50:18,770 also use them to repair stripped threads 926 00:50:24,380 --> 00:50:22,080 where you've stripped the threads in a 927 00:50:27,380 --> 00:50:24,390 whole rather than going to the next 928 00:50:31,070 --> 00:50:27,390 bigger size in taps you can put an 929 00:50:33,770 --> 00:50:31,080 insert in without opening the hole up as 930 00:50:38,150 --> 00:50:33,780 much in fact one of the places you use 931 00:50:40,910 --> 00:50:38,160 them is when people strip the spark plug 932 00:50:44,570 --> 00:50:40,920 holes in aluminum engines a lot of the 933 00:50:46,430 --> 00:50:44,580 times they use in hela coil or Keynes 934 00:50:49,040 --> 00:50:46,440 herders and I pletely use hela coils 935 00:50:52,730 --> 00:50:49,050 most the time for that and in general 936 00:50:54,740 --> 00:50:52,740 they're the two types the one that is 937 00:50:56,690 --> 00:50:54,750 threaded externally and those that are 938 00:51:00,050 --> 00:50:56,700 locked by some method other than threads 939 00:51:03,310 --> 00:51:00,060 and we'll go into them and you get self 940 00:51:06,110 --> 00:51:03,320 tapping and all that sort of thing too 941 00:51:08,060 --> 00:51:06,120 now the earth space industry uses 942 00:51:09,820 --> 00:51:08,070 inserts and tapped holes and soft 943 00:51:13,430 --> 00:51:09,830 materials in order to 944 00:51:16,370 --> 00:51:13,440 increase the load carrying capability is 945 00:51:18,920 --> 00:51:16,380 pull out and this way you can use a 946 00:51:22,070 --> 00:51:18,930 smaller fastener and put in an insert 947 00:51:23,900 --> 00:51:22,080 and since the insert is normally about 948 00:51:26,990 --> 00:51:23,910 an eighth of an inch bigger in diameter 949 00:51:30,410 --> 00:51:27,000 than the internal thread in it you can 950 00:51:37,750 --> 00:51:30,420 take a 1032 bolt and install it in like 951 00:51:44,060 --> 00:51:41,240 here is one of the most common one and 952 00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:44,070 the generic name is key insert although 953 00:51:52,250 --> 00:51:47,010 some call them a solid threaded bushing 954 00:51:56,360 --> 00:51:52,260 or whatever and the insert we usually 955 00:51:58,910 --> 00:51:56,370 have external locking tangs that's these 956 00:52:02,450 --> 00:51:58,920 things you see here and when you install 957 00:52:04,370 --> 00:52:02,460 them after they're threaded in you pound 958 00:52:07,100 --> 00:52:04,380 those that there's a tool for pounding 959 00:52:11,090 --> 00:52:07,110 those down and they extend actually 960 00:52:13,190 --> 00:52:11,100 passed the threads you're the root 961 00:52:17,120 --> 00:52:13,200 diameter the threads to give you locking 962 00:52:20,270 --> 00:52:17,130 capability the the bigger diameters will 963 00:52:22,190 --> 00:52:20,280 have four of those on them whereas the 964 00:52:23,840 --> 00:52:22,200 smaller ones will have to and of course 965 00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:23,850 you can get them that are not locking at 966 00:52:28,630 --> 00:52:26,010 all that you use some other method of 967 00:52:32,090 --> 00:52:28,640 triangle up the external thread on them 968 00:52:34,640 --> 00:52:32,100 now they are very labor-intensive to 969 00:52:38,690 --> 00:52:34,650 install so you don't install them unless 970 00:52:42,710 --> 00:52:38,700 you have to here is the other type the 971 00:52:47,690 --> 00:52:42,720 Gila coil which is I believe now owned 972 00:52:50,060 --> 00:52:47,700 by Black & Decker i think is the owner 973 00:52:55,220 --> 00:52:50,070 of the patent but they're also called a 974 00:52:57,230 --> 00:52:55,230 wire thread and it's usually made of 975 00:53:01,570 --> 00:52:57,240 stainless steel and has a diamond-shaped 976 00:53:03,890 --> 00:53:01,580 cross section that will actually form 977 00:53:06,110 --> 00:53:03,900 internal and external threads when 978 00:53:07,910 --> 00:53:06,120 install and it's like like taking a 979 00:53:10,280 --> 00:53:07,920 spring if you will and winding it down 980 00:53:12,110 --> 00:53:10,290 into a hole and the Diamonds section 981 00:53:14,410 --> 00:53:12,120 part on the back goes into the existing 982 00:53:17,930 --> 00:53:14,420 threads and then the diamond section on 983 00:53:20,330 --> 00:53:17,940 the inside is your thread diameter that 984 00:53:23,059 --> 00:53:20,340 you put your fastener in now they're 985 00:53:26,269 --> 00:53:23,069 usually coated to deter her 986 00:53:28,640 --> 00:53:26,279 ocean and seizing and you can get them 987 00:53:30,380 --> 00:53:28,650 both in locking and unlocking you see if 988 00:53:32,660 --> 00:53:30,390 you look at this this is the non locking 989 00:53:34,969 --> 00:53:32,670 here and this is a locking you actually 990 00:53:38,569 --> 00:53:34,979 have some deform coils down in here in 991 00:53:40,459 --> 00:53:38,579 this installment Tang which you may not 992 00:53:42,769 --> 00:53:40,469 may or may not be able to see on here 993 00:53:46,969 --> 00:53:42,779 it's broken off after installation now 994 00:53:50,749 --> 00:53:46,979 well the the difference between the Gila 995 00:53:57,130 --> 00:53:50,759 coil and the key insert the Keen cert is 996 00:54:00,380 --> 00:53:57,140 only available in one length for a size 997 00:54:02,779 --> 00:54:00,390 the Gila coils you can get them in 998 00:54:06,589 --> 00:54:02,789 different lengths you can get them up to 999 00:54:10,309 --> 00:54:06,599 from 1 D 2 3 D length where D is the 1000 00:54:12,799 --> 00:54:10,319 diameter of the fastener and another 1001 00:54:16,849 --> 00:54:12,809 thing of course you need a to open the 1002 00:54:19,219 --> 00:54:16,859 hole up less where you put a Gila coil 1003 00:54:21,949 --> 00:54:19,229 in so if you're repairing stripped 1004 00:54:27,099 --> 00:54:21,959 threads in an area where you don't have 1005 00:54:30,620 --> 00:54:27,109 a lot of room you can recap the whole 1006 00:54:32,269 --> 00:54:30,630 just slightly and get it opened up 1007 00:54:40,870 --> 00:54:32,279 enough that you can put a Gila coil in 1008 00:54:53,269 --> 00:54:45,799 here's a kind of a more rare tape this 1009 00:54:57,980 --> 00:54:53,279 is a locking tape insert in which you 1010 00:55:00,529 --> 00:54:57,990 have the split beam nut machined on the 1011 00:55:05,599 --> 00:55:00,539 bottom of it remember I showed you the 1012 00:55:08,749 --> 00:55:05,609 slip split beam lock nut earlier and so 1013 00:55:12,470 --> 00:55:08,759 that you have the locking capability but 1014 00:55:14,269 --> 00:55:12,480 of course you are have a longer insert 1015 00:55:16,039 --> 00:55:14,279 because of this thing having to be 1016 00:55:19,460 --> 00:55:16,049 installed because this is not threaded 1017 00:55:22,220 --> 00:55:19,470 into the hole and these are made 1018 00:55:24,319 --> 00:55:22,230 primarily for aerospace usage out of 1019 00:55:29,029 --> 00:55:24,329 either eight to eighty six or inconel 1020 00:55:31,609 --> 00:55:29,039 718 and since you have less external 1021 00:55:33,859 --> 00:55:31,619 thread you have to be careful in soft 1022 00:55:36,380 --> 00:55:33,869 materials to make sure that you don't 1023 00:55:39,799 --> 00:55:36,390 exceed the pullout allowable when you 1024 00:55:42,200 --> 00:55:39,809 install a bolt in them because the 1025 00:55:46,880 --> 00:55:42,210 because of the split beam increasing the 1026 00:55:51,499 --> 00:55:46,890 overall length and here is one that 1027 00:55:55,640 --> 00:55:51,509 solves some problems but it also creates 1028 00:55:58,099 --> 00:55:55,650 some others the floating insert of 1029 00:56:00,529 --> 00:55:58,109 course if you're using and i'll be 1030 00:56:02,589 --> 00:56:00,539 covering us later on with if you're 1031 00:56:07,269 --> 00:56:02,599 using counter sunk or flathead fasteners 1032 00:56:11,089 --> 00:56:07,279 the countersink tries to sulfa line 1033 00:56:13,279 --> 00:56:11,099 fastener if you're going into a rigid 1034 00:56:15,230 --> 00:56:13,289 pepto now you have the two of them 1035 00:56:17,509 --> 00:56:15,240 working against each other which is not 1036 00:56:21,470 --> 00:56:17,519 too good well this solves that problem 1037 00:56:23,990 --> 00:56:21,480 in that the insert is in you have 1038 00:56:25,999 --> 00:56:24,000 actually an insert in the bottom of this 1039 00:56:28,819 --> 00:56:26,009 one so that it's externally threaded 1040 00:56:30,710 --> 00:56:28,829 just like the regular teen cert then you 1041 00:56:35,089 --> 00:56:30,720 have this little jobby that floats down 1042 00:56:38,630 --> 00:56:35,099 in here and so this will give you some 1043 00:56:43,190 --> 00:56:38,640 self-alignment when when using 1044 00:56:46,130 --> 00:56:43,200 countersunk fasteners but by putting all 1045 00:56:50,839 --> 00:56:46,140 of this in it it since this has to float 1046 00:56:53,629 --> 00:56:50,849 inside the main king cert you have a 1047 00:56:57,649 --> 00:56:53,639 smaller diameter 1048 00:57:00,239 --> 00:56:57,659 internally for a given diameter 1049 00:57:04,199 --> 00:57:00,249 externally so therefore you're losing 1050 00:57:07,049 --> 00:57:04,209 some to put that floating capability in 1051 00:57:10,939 --> 00:57:07,059 you're losing some so you might wind up 1052 00:57:13,919 --> 00:57:10,949 having to go to a larger diameter insert 1053 00:57:18,709 --> 00:57:13,929 externally then you nor normally would 1054 00:57:22,169 --> 00:57:18,719 use now here's the self-tapping inserts 1055 00:57:24,749 --> 00:57:22,179 this is usually a self or so solid 1056 00:57:27,089 --> 00:57:24,759 bushing with either tapered external 1057 00:57:31,379 --> 00:57:27,099 threads like a self-tapping screw like 1058 00:57:35,519 --> 00:57:31,389 this or you can have and you can have 1059 00:57:39,539 --> 00:57:35,529 them also solid with a nighlok pelletier 1060 00:57:42,479 --> 00:57:39,549 for locking them or you can have one 1061 00:57:45,929 --> 00:57:42,489 that they use in plastic quite a bit 1062 00:57:50,299 --> 00:57:45,939 what they call a speed cert and this is 1063 00:57:53,119 --> 00:57:50,309 used I think for like in electrical 1064 00:57:58,459 --> 00:57:53,129 circuit boards and stuff like that it 1065 00:58:03,509 --> 00:57:58,469 you drill a hole and you actually can 1066 00:58:07,699 --> 00:58:03,519 push self tap the thing by deforming the 1067 00:58:14,759 --> 00:58:07,709 plastic without generating any shavings 1068 00:58:18,029 --> 00:58:14,769 so we will continue next with the Sun